Phần 4: Reading Comprehension (Questions 31 - 40)
Neurotechnology’s advance is inexorable: devices that decode neural signals, heighten sensation, or even edit memory are migrating from conjecture to prototype. [I] As these capacities scale, the question ceases to be whether we can probe the mind, and becomes how we should delimit access to it...
Much of the urgency springs from experiments that demonstrate engineered control over perception. In 2019, Rafael Yuste’s team induced rats to ‘see’ absent stimuli via implanted electrodes... [II] If comparable interventions reach humans, the boundary between authentic experience and induced state could blur. Hence the call to codify neurorights before ubiquitous deployment: the law must not trail the laboratory by a decade.
Existing medicine đã gợi ý về những rủi ro. Deep-brain stimulation alleviates Parkinsonian tremors... [III] With machine learning, such networks might classify affect, steer prosthetics, or decode intent from patterns. If such interfaces matured without safeguards, the intimate traffic of our minds could be surveilled, traded, or coerced at scale.
Neurorights sketch a legal-ethical framework... [IV] The NeuroRights Initiative advances những nguyên tắc này, thúc đẩy một Hippocratic pledge cho doanh nghiệp... Nếu các công ty hàng đầu chấp nhận such an oath, đà tiến công nghệ có thể song hành cùng phẩm giá con người.